The world No 95 fell to Kazakh Yulia Putintseva in straight sets 7-6, 7-5. Putintseva will play Serena Williams in the second round.
Erakovic also lost in the first round last year and it is the third time in 2015 that she has failed to reach the second round at a grand slam.
Eravokic reached the third round in 2008 and 2013.