Imported foods are checked by Australian biosecurity staff at the border, but these inspections mainly focus on consignments of certain "risk foods" and foods that have previously not complied with regulations -- often in the area of labelling.
But only "risk foods" imported from New Zealand are subject to Australia's Imported Food Control Act, so all the other food from around the world which is imported initially into New Zealand and then forwarded on to Australia is not inspected after it crosses the Tasman.
The committee overseeing the review is about to start public consultations, with public meetings scheduled for Wellington (March 25) and Christchurch (March 26).
Today it released an issues consultation paper for the independent review (www.foodlabellingreview.gov.au), headed by Dr Neal Blewett.
The review is seeking consistency in food labelling standards on both sides of the Tasman, and agreement on when to just warn offenders or to prosecute them, and whether national authority covering such issues should be in an existing agency or a stand-alone body.
It will also canvass the basics -- should governments continue to enforce such issues, or should they be left up to industry "self regulation" , and if this happened should the Commerce Commission and its Australian equivalent still be allowed to regulate misleading or deceptive food labelling?
Alcohol labelling is also governed by food standards, but some consumers and manufacturers are expected to argue that alcoholic beverages should not be treated as food, should not have to provide nutrition information panels, list ingredients, or have labels promoting safer drinking.
One of the most controversial debates will be over the processes which decide whether a product is a "food" or a "medicine".
In the absence of a trans-Tasman therapeutics agency, the two countries have quite different approaches to defining foods and complementary medicines, with a significant number of dietary supplements being allowed into Australia from New Zealand. Some health advocates have protested over high-caffeine energy drinks not allowed to be made in Australia but being imported from New Zealand, because they are legal here.
People will also be asked the broader questions of whether and how regulation of foods should be used to meet broader public health objectives -- such as lowering obesity because of saturated fats, reducing cardiac disease due to high cholesterol levels, and cutting down on the salt levels in takeaways blamed for blood pressure problems.
The issue of how food labelling should provide consumer warnings and education has triggered disputes over a "traffic light" labelling system advocated by Green politicians on both sides of the Tasman.
Green Party food spokeswoman Sue Kedgley said independent nutritionists should determine which foods get a green label for being healthy, orange if they are marginal and red if they are unhealthy.
Ms Kedgley said that would allow consumers to see what type of food it was at a glance.
But the Food and Grocery Council -- and its Australian equivalent -- have criticised the idea as "overly simplistic" and said labels should stick with listing the percentage of daily intake of fats, sugars, and other components.
Because the space available on food labels is limited, consumers are to be asked whether they want information or educational material provided on an internet link.
And some consumers have already raised concerns about inadequate disclosure of ingredients (colourings and flavourings, processing aids, allergens, trans-fats, palm oil) and the way they are represented (code numbers, or scientific names instead of generic names).
Consumers may also be asked whether manufacturers should be allowed to claim a food can reduce the risk of a specific disease. They are not allowed to do this at present without providing scientific evidence -- a factor which limited the claims A2 milk manufacturers could make apart from claiming "ordinary" milk from rival companies such as Fonterra would expose consumers to higher risks of some illnesses. A2 milk vendors were allowed to run such "knocking" advertisements.
The committee is also expected to consider whether food labels should be able to claim -- such as in the case of some weight-loss brands -- that a product has little fat, without disclosing that it is riddled with sugars and salt. Similarly, there will be questions raised over regulating use of terms such as "'natural", "lite", "free range", "virgin olive oil", "'kosher" and "halal".
Genetic engineering, irradiation and nano-technology have raised consumer concerns, but the committee said today that calls for their disclosure on food labels needs caution "in order that the development and application of these and other innovative technologies are not unduly inhibited".
