In the French capital, police said they had arrested almost 300 people while almost 100 were injured as protesters hurled projectiles at riot officers, burned cars and smashed shop fronts on Saturday.
In some areas, groups of masked men roamed freely, smashing properties, burning cars and vandalising banks.
Police fired stun grenades, tear gas and water cannon at protesters at the top of the Champs-Elysees boulevard, at the Tuilleries Garden near the Louvre museum and other sites across the city including Opera and Place de la Bastille. More than a dozen metro stations were closed.
Macron, in Argentina for a G20 summit, said he would convene ministers to discuss the crisis upon his return on Sunday.
"We are in a state of insurrection, I've never seen anything like it," said Jeanne d'Hauteserre, the mayor of Paris' 8th district, near the Arc de Triomphe.
The popular rebellion erupted out of nowhere on November 17 and spread quickly via social media, with protesters blocking roads across France and impeding access to shopping malls, factories and some fuel depots.
On Saturday, some targeted the Arc de Triomphe, chanting "Macron Resign" and scrawling on the facade of the towering 19th-century arch: "The yellow vests will triumph."
Addressing a news conference in Buenos Aires, Macron said no cause justified the looting of stores, attacks on the security forces or torching of property. The violence, he said, had nothing to do with the peaceful expression of legitimate grievances.
"I will always respect differences. I will always listen to opposition, but I will never accept violence," the president said.
Protesters smashed the windows of Paris shops including branches of Chanel, Apple Inc and Dior, where protesters daubed a wooden board "Merry Mayhem".
Security officials were locked inside the Interior Ministry for crisis talks for several hours during the afternoon.
The skirmishes in Paris broke out early on Saturday, amid concern that violent far-right and far-left groups were infiltrating the "Gilets Jaunes" (yellow vests) movement.
Police were tracking "violent radical groups" who were well-prepared and switching from one location to another, officials said.
Interior Minister Christophe Castaner said most of those arrested were regular "yellow vests" who had been egged on by the fringe groups bent on stirring trouble.
The "yellow vest" protests began as a backlash against Macron's fuel tax hikes, but have tapped into a vein of deep dissatisfaction felt towards the 40-year-old's economic reforms, which many voters feel favour the wealthy and big business.
Unrest erupted in several towns and cities across France, from Charleville Mezieres in the northeast to Marseille in the south. In the Riviera city of Nice trucks blocked access to the airport, and in the central town of Puy-en-Velay the police headquarters was set on fire.
The protests are taking a toll on the economy. Numerous neighbourhoods in central Paris that should have been teeming with tourists and Christmas shoppers instead resembled battle zones, as smoke and tear gas hung in the air and debris littered the ground.
Hotels and department stores in Paris stand to lose millions in revenues, and shelves have run empty in some supermarket stores in the country.
MACRON STANDS FIRM
The protests have caught Macron off-guard just as he was trying to counter a fall in his popularity rating to 20 percent. His unyielding response has exposed him to charges of being out of touch with ordinary people, particularly in rural villages and the provincial hinterlands.
Some peaceful protesters held up a slogan reading, "Macron, stop treating us like idiots!"
Macron on Tuesday said he understood the anger of voters outside France's big cities over the squeeze fuel prices have put on households. But he insisted he would not be bounced into changing policy by "thugs".
Despite the unrest that has accompanied the protests, the "yellow vests" have widespread public support, even in the cities.
"I am totally behind the 'Gilets Jaunes'," said George DuPont, a resident in Paris' upscale 16th arrondissement. "The state has stolen money from the French people. It's time too give it back."
Assistant teacher Sandrine Lemoussu (45) who travelled from Burgundy to protest peacefully, said people were fed up with Macron.
"The people are in revolt," she said. "The anger is rising more and more, and the president despises the French. We aren't here to smash things, but the people have had enough."
Many on the outskirts of smaller provincial towns and villages have expressed anger, underlining the gap between metropolitan elites and working class voters that has boosted anti-establishment politics across the Western world.
"Mr Macron wrote a book called Revolution. He was prophetic because it is what he has managed to launch, but not the revolution he sought," Far-left La France Insoumise leader Jean-Luc Melenchon told reporters ahead of a protest in Marseille.
The yellow vests get their name from the high-visibility jackets all motorists in France must carry in their vehicles.
