The Kurier paper did not name the doctor or give the source of the information for its report, which comes amid widespread speculation on the Russian leader's whereabouts.
Putin, who has not been seen in public or on live television broadcasts for more than a week, postponed a meeting with Kazakh and Belarussian leaders last week.
Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov did not pick up his phone when contacted by Reuters to comment on the report.