In fact, de la Espriella won only very small, less than 1% ahead of his left-wing opponent in the popular vote, but he did win — 1% is enough.
Meanwhile, in Peru, right-wing candidate Keiko Fujimori is certain to win the vote count in the country’s presidential election. This leaves only four left-wing democratic governments still standing in all of Latin America, and two of them are very small: Uruguay and Guatemala.
Apart from the two giant hold-outs, Brazil and Mexico, Latin America is now almost wall-to-wall Trump-style populist regimes — and Brazil’s 80-year-old president, Luiz Inacio ‘‘Lula’’ da Silva, could easily lose the presidential election in October. The polls consistently show him tied with right-wing populist Flavio Bolsonaro, son of the imprisoned former president.
In Colombia de la Espriella, a 47-year old former lawyer who calls himself ‘‘El Tigre’’ (The Tiger), might as well have been designed by a hyper-conservative focus group.
He vows to wipe out the country’s ‘‘drug dealers’’ and will welcome United States military help to do so. In fact, he is an American citizen himself and owns property in Miami.
He has never held public office and belongs to no established political party, but there is clearly a lot of money behind him.
He promises to take a ‘‘chainsaw’’ to the Colombian state, like Argentina’s Javier Milei, and will build 10 mega-prisons ‘‘in the jungle’’, outdoing even El Salvador’s Nayib Bukele — but he also incarnates a much older and more violent tradition.
Colombia often looks like a normal country, but it is not. Maybe it once was normal, but ‘‘La Violencia’’, the civil war between liberals and conservatives that broke out almost 80 years ago and killed an estimated 200,000 Colombians in its first decade, never really ended.
Some of the liberals became communists for a while and some of the conservatives dabbled in fascism, while most people just wanted it to stop. But almost every Colombian knows which side they are on historically, so there is always a lot of dry tinder lying around. The election of de la Espriella may set it alight.
Gustavo Petro, a former member of the Marxist guerrilla group M-19, was elected four years ago as the first left-wing president in Colombian history on the promise that he would make peace with the various insurgent groups that operate in the rural parts of Colombia.
He tried hard but he had no success because they are no longer interested in winning or peace.
Once they financed themselves by extortion and kidnapping, with the ultimate goal of victory. Now they finance themselves by dominating the drug trade, and Colombia produces two-thirds of the world’s cocaine. Victory is not even desirable for this generation of insurgents, because ‘‘peace’’ would wreck their business model.
So Petro’s promise could not be kept, and de la Espriella’s promise to win the war on drugs in alliance with Trump is just a cynical slogan. Fifty-five years after Richard Nixon declared this stupid war, it has become clear to almost everybody (including de la Espriella and maybe even Trump) that you cannot win the war on drugs.
The demand is too high and the profits too attractive. Killing drug lords is a totally futile activity: they are immediately replaced by others, and the potential supply is unlimited.
But the endless, hopeless struggle to eradicate the drug trade can be exploited politically for the benefit of people with other agendas.
That’s why Trump is now expanding the war on drugs in Latin America. It has already given him an excuse to seize Venezuela, and it will give him and de la Espriella excuses to do lots of other things that will bring them both power and profits. Sorry to sound cynical, but that’s the way this stuff always works.
With Colombia, however, there is a potential added cost to this that could be very high indeed. There is a sleeping monster in Colombia, and a big enough war in the country, especially if accompanied by American-style air strikes and similar high-tech violence, could wake it up. That would be a great pity.
• Gwynne Dyer is an independent London journalist.
