Kohhei's effort on the penultimate run of the finals secured him his first ever World Cup title as he recorded a score of 48.9 out of 50.
The 18-year-old denied last year's winner Aono, who had held first place after the first of two finals runs with a score of 47.6.
It was a day of joy for the Japanese national snowboarding team, with Shiho Nakashima comfortably winning the women's halfpipe competition after she recorded a 41.3 run first up in the finals.
Japan snowboarding coach Jibu Tadashige said the team was very happy with its performance. All five of the men made the final, including the first and second place-getters, while Nakashima was joined in the women's finals by fifth-placed Soko Yamaoka.
Kohhei said through an interpreter he had been concentrating on maintaining his speed through the flat part of the superpipe, which was the key to gaining the speed needed for his high jumps.
Kohhei's run drew appreciative gasps from spectators as he soared above Cardrona's 22-foot (6.7m) superpipe, reaching heights of up to 4m above the pipe lip and leaving the judges searching for superlatives.
"That was one of the best runs I've ever seen in my career," head judge Ste'en Webster said.
"He maintained amplitude for the rest of his run, grabbing everything solidly and landing everything perfectly. Every hit was sky high."
Canada team rider, Winter Olympian, and former Cardrona Alpine Resort employee Crispin Lipscomb secured third place in the men's competition.
Nakashima was joined on the podium by Sina Candrian, of Switzerland, while Linn Haug, of Norway claimed fifth.
Bahamas snowboarder Korath Wright bowed out of the World Cup halfpipe competition on Saturday, when he missed qualifying for yesterday's semifinals by three places.
Wright, who debuted for the Caribbean islands nation at this event after a year away from competing, ended the World Cup with a run of 30.6 points, which left him placed 24th out of a field of 52.
The next stop on the FIS Snowboard Halfpipe World Cup tour is Saas Fee, in Switzerland, on October 31.
