Schwarzenegger's message was reinforced by President-elect Barack Obama, who spoke to participants in a taped video.
Obama said the United States economy would continue to weaken if climate change and dependence on foreign oil are left unaddressed.
The two-day summit has drawn more than 800 scientists, environmentalists, government and industry officials to discuss strategies to cut greenhouse gas emissions.
Schwarzenegger, a Republican, has gained notoriety for his global warming efforts in California. He hopes the summit will influence negotiations over a new global climate treaty during a UN gathering in Poland next month.