Kingsford (22), a New Zealand cross-country representative, won the women's race at the Athletics Otago meeting in 9min 29.12sec.
She sped round the final lap in 79sec to beat the record of 9min 29.93sec Brooke Eddy (Leith) ran in 2003.
The new Caledonian Ground track was opened in 1999 and Athletics Otago has kept ground records since that time.
Most were achieved when the New Zealand championships were last held at the ground in 2003 or at the grand prix meeting four years ago.
Kingsford's performance continued a weekend of record breaking at the ground.
Twenty-three records were broken at the annual Otago secondary schools championships.
This included the 1500m time of 4min 23.85sec run by Rebekah Greene (St Hilda's ) on Saturday that was also a record for the Caledonian Ground.
It beat the 4min 24.53sec run by Olympian Toni Hodgkinson (Auckland) when winning the New Zealand title in 2003.
It was the third-fastest time by Greene and her best in Dunedin.
The other highlight of yesterday's meeting was the return of Debbie McCaw (Taieri) who won the women's hammer throw with 50.80m.
McCaw won three New Zealand senior women's titles in the event in 2005, 2007 and 2008.
She holds the Otago record of 54.58m that she threw in 2005.
Yesterday's throw puts her fourth on this year's national ranking list and in contention for a medal at the national championships.
Peter Meffan (Caversham) sprinted the last lap in 67sec to win the men's 3000m in 8min 44.11sec.
Other notable wins were Matthew Robinson (Southland) in the men's 400m (48.65sec), Biddy Skerten (Taieri) in the women's 400m hurdles (66.05sec), Glen Ballam (Southland) in the junior men's 800m (1min 52.69sec) and Daniel Balchin (Caversham) in the men's 800m (1min 54.41sec).
