With a busted finger, the off-spinner captured the first three wickets of the home side's second innings before England finished day three at 6-311 for a massive lead of 521 runs.
Andrew Flintoff (30no) and Stuart Broad (0no) were unbeaten when play was abandoned 11 overs early due to rain.
There had been fears that Hauritz (3-80) wouldn't be able to bowl for the rest of the match after dislocating his middle finger on his bowling hand on day one.
But in the end, even his best efforts couldn't halt the home side's charge towards a first Ashes win at the home of cricket in 75 years.
Australia must produce the highest successful fourth innings run chase in Test history to win the match or bat the best part of the final two days.
There is a chance of light showers on both remaining days.
Not aiding Australia's cause was skipper Ricky Ponting letting slip two golden opportunities in the space of five balls with the score 2-88 on Saturday.
Ponting missed a chance to run out when Kevin Pietersen was on 10 and then in the next over dropped Ravi Bopara on nine.
Mitchell Johnson (0-68) failed to shake the gremlins out of his system with another wasted spell with the new ball and his chances of playing in the third Test in Birmingham must be slight at best.
After England cruised to 0-57 at lunch, Hauritz dismissed openers Alastair Cook (32) and Andrew Strauss (32) in his first two overs after the break to spark his side.
Pietersen arrived at the crease and Ponting immediately replaced Hauritz with Ben Hilfenhaus and that should have been a brilliant tactical move but the skipper was unable to seize the moment.
Hilfenhaus' second ball to Pietersen on 10 was a massive inswinger that hit Pietersen's bat then pad and the bowler launched a confident lbw shout.
Completely baffled by the situation, the batsman stumbled down the pitch and Ponting had a great chance to run him out from a far from challenging angle.
He missed the stumps.
If that were not bad enough, Ponting then made a hash of a regulation slips catch off Bopara to the astonishment of paceman Peter Siddle (2-64).
There was another dramatic moment just before tea when Hauritz claimed a catch off a miscued hook shot off Bopara from Johnson's bowling.
Bopara stood his ground as Australia celebrated and umpire Rudi Koertzen asked TV umpire Nigel Long for advice before turning down Australia's appeal.
After the interval, Hauritz was thrown the ball and in the third over of his second spell he broke the partnership with a slower ball that held up a bit and Bopara hit onto his pad to close-in fielder Simon Katich.
Siddle ended the out of sorts Kevin Pietersen's (44) stay at the crease but his departure upped the scoring rate as Matt Prior (61 off 42 balls) re-energised the innings.
His quickfire knock ended courtesy of a direct hit from Marcus North in the deep and Paul Collingwood (54) took up the slack before becoming Siddle's second scalp.
Strauss earlier turned down the chance to make Australia follow-on after Graham Onions (3-41) wrapped up the visiting side's first dig for 215 with James Anderson (4-55) the pick of the bowlers.
England have enjoyed by far the better of the conditions this match and to their credit have been able to use that to their advantage.
