Dunedin Hospital consultant eye surgeon and University of Otago ophthalmologist Dr Francesc March said age-related macular degeneration was one of the leading causes of vision loss in New Zealand, affecting about one in seven Kiwis over the age of 50.
The condition gradually damages the macula — the central part of the retina responsible for sharp, detailed vision.
While many people experienced a slow decline in vision due to the dry form of age-related macular degeneration, he said about 10% of patients developed the more aggressive type, known as wet age-related macular degeneration (wet-AMD).
"Wet-AMD is caused by the growth of abnormal blood vessels beneath the retina, which can leak fluid and blood, leading to rapid and severe vision loss.
"Symptoms include sudden blurring, distortion of straight lines, or dark patches in the central vision.
"Because the disease can progress quickly, early detection and treatment are critical for preserving sight."
He said treatment for wet-AMD involved intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) medicines.
"These injections are often delivered on a monthly basis for long-term treatment, requiring regular visits to maintain vision.
"The commitment can be demanding, but without treatment, vision can deteriorate rapidly and irreversibly.
"If you experience signs such as distortion, blurring, or loss of central vision, seeking immediate eye care assessment can make a real difference.
"Starting treatment early provides the best opportunity to maintain functional vision and independence."
However, he said a New Zealand survey found 67% of those who had been diagnosed with the disease had to travel long distances to receive the treatment.
It is a significant issue for those living in central Otago, Oamaru and Balclutha because they had to travel long distances, and sometimes there was no easy shuttle access to Dunedin Hospital.
"Many New Zealanders, particularly those living in rural areas, face the challenge of frequent long-distance travel to hospital eye clinics.
"Ongoing injections require support from family, friends or community services, adding to the emotional and logistical strain.
"For some, these barriers result in treatment delays or discontinuation, which directly increases the risk of permanent vision loss."
Dr March said the disease highlighted the growing need for more resources in ophthalmology.
"With an ageing population, the demand for eye care services will continue to rise.
"Timely access to treatment, sufficient specialist staffing and regional service expansion are essential to ensure that patients across New Zealand receive the care they need."
Compared to other OECD countries, New Zealand also has lower funding allocated to AMD treatments.
"The government needs to up its game."
Protecting sight meant protecting independence and quality of life, he said.
"Raising awareness, supporting early detection, and investing in eye care resources are crucial steps in alleviating the burden of age-related macular degeneration on patients, their families and the healthcare system."
