The world needs new ways to deal with the three big issues it faces in 2023, argues Professor Robert Patman.
"We are moving in to a new era in international relations," the University of Otago international relations specialist told Global Insight.
"All of these problems - in the economy, conflict and climate - are too big for any one country to solve on their own."
Prof Patman believes the world will have to develop trans-state institutions and processes for effective, co-ordinated, global responses.
"The question is, how quickly do we embrace it? Or do we do it in a grudging, piece-meal fashion?"
Prof Patman also addressed the likely effect of Japan’s enormous debt levels - which he described as a "time bomb" - on international affairs; the significance of an opinion shift by Western countries, more of whom now believe Ukraine can defeat Russia’s invasion; and, the growing pressure on rich countries to compensate poorer nations most affected by climate change.
Watch the full video below