Jane Goodall (74) walked into the room, her hands still moist after a quick stop at the restroom (she doesn't use paper towels).
The renowned primatologist who began her work with chimpanzees in Tanzania nearly 50 years ago is, these days, on a broader assignment.
In the past 22 years, Goodall has stayed no more than three weeks in one place as she tries to educate Earth's top primates about environmentalism, inspire hope and get them to save their planet.
Her newest book, tentatively titled Hope for Animals and Our World, is about animals that have been rescued from the brink of extinction. It will be out early next year.
Recently, Goodall sat down in this dark room on the University of San Diego campus to talk about her landmark work with chimpanzees, which began nearly 50 years ago, and also some questions about herself.
Question: Is your work still centred around or focused on chimpanzees?
Answer: Not really. It's very, very important to me that we continue to study, that we do it in the right way, that there's enough money for it, that we try to protect those chimpanzees into the future by working with all the people living in poverty around the park and then hoping more and more of them will enable part of the land to regenerate so the chimps are no longer trapped as they are now; they're surrounded by cultivated fields. In five years, you get a 30-foot tree. So they're coming back, but you know, the villagers if they wanted could cut them down, there's nothing to stop them, except goodwill.
Q: You talked a bit about poverty as one of the reasons for habitat destruction and the disappearing chimps. How do you deal with poverty as an issue?
A: How you deal with poverty is to improve the lives of the people. We did not go into these villages like so much well-meaning foreign aid. We didn't go and say: 'We're really sorry for you and we brought this grant (we had a grant from the European Union), and we want to do this, this and this to make your lives better.'
Rather, we sent . . . Tanzanians into the villages who sat down and listened about, 'What would you really feel would make your lives better?' And of course, it was nothing to do with conservation or the environment, at the start. It was health, which obviously ties into the environment, but that came later, and education for their children.
Q: You're celebrated as a primatologist, for discovering all these things about chimps, and now you're known for environmental outreach. How does this all relate back to the chimpanzees?
A: Because it all started when I went to a conference, where for the first time were all the people doing field studies of chimps across Africa. And the pictures of their various study sites were so shocking. And I just felt I couldn't any longer sit in my little paradise; I had to try and do something.
Q: Is it hard being away from Gombe, from the chimpanzees?
A: No, it's not really hard. I mean, I think about it a lot; I see quite a lot of video . . . I try and fill up with that atmosphere. But of course Gombe isn't the same as it was. It's not; it's no longer . . . Now there's all these students, there's the new health regulations, there's more people, there's tourists coming in and out, and the park staff have made the little trails I used to follow into sort of wide trails.
Q: How can you be so optimistic?
A: Because . . . the human brain is already beginning to come up with ways that we can do things better. I don't mean just technology, although that's amazing. But also I mean when it comes to thinking about our ecological footprint, how we can make them lighter and how we can try and become more carbon neutral, waste less, not use bottled water.
Just all the little things that we can do each day: Choose wisely what to buy, refuse to buy some products. And basically never give up, sometimes write letters, whatever, all those kinds of things.
Q: What little things do you do in your own life?
A: I switched all these lights off, and I had the previous interview outside. Turn the lights off. When you go into a hotel and all the lights are on, put them off.
Some hotels have little notices that say if you're prepared to use your towels again hang them on the rack, but the maids seldom, I don't know, I think they're just schooled to change sheets and towels every day. So I don't let the maids in. Then you get these little notes that say because we respected your privacy . . . (she laughs) when do you want your room cleaned? I don't!
Water. (She points to a glass pitcher of water seated on the coffee table.) What would happen to that water if we don't drink it? It'd be tipped away, wouldn't it? We're going to water a plant, because I think they'll tip it away; it's not 'hygienic' any more.
And yet there are people in some countries, they would kill for that, to get water that pure, that clean; they've never seen it in their lives. That would be like gold for them. And we waste it.
Q: What do you think about some of the criticisms about your methods, in retrospect, now?
A: Some of it's true. And if I hadn't gone at all, there'd be no chimps because the people were moving back in, so that's one thing on the positive side.
And the banana feeding, it actually turned out to be an amazing field experiment. And the good thing about it was when we realised that this intensive feeding wasn't a good idea . . . within a couple of weeks the chimps were completely back to their old behaviours . . .
I always thought the main thing the banana feeding did, other than help me to understand chimps a whole lot better, was to make friends of friends who might not have met very often and to create enmity between chimps [who fought over the food] who often might not see each other very often.
Q: You spoke a lot about your mother, about how close a relationship you had, and how much of a support she was. I believe your mother passed away five years ago. How has that been for you?
A: Well, you know when your parents get to be that age, you know it's going to, they can't live forever. So you kind of prepare for that I think.
She was 96, and her life wasn't really very good. I mean, mentally she was sharp as a knife, but she got Parkinson's and she got arthritis. And so although you can't say you're pleased when your mother dies, I really think she's in a better place. I didn't want her to go on and linger, nor did she . . . But you do feel, I mean, I still think: 'Oh, gosh I wish I could tell Mum that,' or, you know: 'I wonder what she would say?' You just go on feeling that way.
Outside, university officials pointed to a garden snake curled up against the building window. Goodall stopped to take out a small digital camera, then walked outside to take photos, oblivious to nervous officials and staff members.
Three university gardeners approached, wielding a long pole and trash cans.
But Goodall stood between them and the snake, warding them off, for just a few minutes longer. - Tami Abdollah.
